space at the end to break the line
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@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ the order and types of the parameters in the function prototype.
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```
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– expr1 is the initial expression executed at the start before the loop iterations begin;
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– expr2 is the test applied before the beginning of each loop iteration, the loop ends when this expression evaluates to false or 0;
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– expr3 is evaluated at the very end of each iteration;
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– expr3 is executed at the very end of each iteration, it is typically used to increment or decrement the loop counter;
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– statement is the “loop body”.
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- Here is the basic form of a while loop:
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@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ the order and types of the parameters in the function prototype.
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```cpp
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double a[15];
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```
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- The values are accessed through subscripting operations. The following code assigns the value 3.14159 to location i=5 of the array. Here i is the subscript or index.
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- The values are accessed through subscripting operations. The following code assigns the value 3.14159 to location i=5 of the array. Here *i* is the subscript or index.
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```cpp
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int i = 5;
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a[i] = 3.14159;
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@@ -255,14 +255,14 @@ the order and types of the parameters in the function prototype.
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## 1.14 Python Strings vs. C chars vs. C-style Strings vs. C++ STL Strings
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- Strings in Python are immutable, and there is no difference between a string and a char in Python. Thus, ’a’ and "a" are both strings in Python, not individual characters. In C++ & Java, single quotes create a character type (exactly one character) and double quotes create a string of 0, 1, 2, or more characters.
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- A “C-style” string is an array of chars that ends with the special char ’\0’. C-style strings (char* or char[]) can be edited, and there are a number of helper functions to help with common operations. However...
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- A “C-style” string is an array of chars that ends with the special char ’\0’. C-style strings (char* or char[]) can be edited, and there are a number of helper functions to help with common operations.
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- The “C++-style” STL string type has a wider array of operations and functions, which are more convenient and more powerful.
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## 1.15 About STL String Objects
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- A string is an object type defined in the standard library to contain a sequence of characters.
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- The string type, like all types (including int, double, char, float), defines an interface, which includes construction (initialization), operations, functions (methods), and even other types(!).
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- When an object is created, a special function is run called a “constructor”, whose job it is to initialize the
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- The string type, like all types (including int, double, char, float), defines an interface, which includes construction (initialization), operations, functions (methods).
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- When an object is created, a special function is run called a “constructor”, whose job is to initialize the
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object. There are several ways of constructing string objects:
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– By default to create an empty string: std::string my_string_var;
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– With a specified number of instances of a single char: std::string my_string_var2(10, ' ');
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