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Jidong Xiao
2023-09-10 23:52:39 -04:00
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labs/03_debugging/README.md
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@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ of the program you add or edit (and why you make that edit). Create a new README
organize your notes. You’ll need to show these to your TA/mentor to get checked off for today’s lab. organize your notes. You’ll need to show these to your TA/mentor to get checked off for today’s lab.
3. What command line(s) are necessary to compile these files into an executable? Be sure to enable all 3. What command line(s) are necessary to compile these files into an executable? Be sure to enable all
recommended warnings for the Data Structures course by using the **-Wall -Wextra** flags. Also use the **-g** flag which will include source code line numbers and other useful information for the debugger. recommended warnings for the Data Structures course by using the **-Wall -Wextra** flags. Also use the **-g** flag which will include source code line numbers and other useful information for the debugger.
4. The program as provided may not compile without error. Perform the minimal edits to the source code files necessary to remove the compilation ERROR and produce an executable. IMPORTANT: Do not fix any of the compilation WARNINGs yet. 4. The program as provided may not compile without error. Perform the minimal edits to the source code files necessary to remove the compilation ERROR and produce an executable. **IMPORTANT: Do not fix any of the compilation WARNINGs yet.**
5. Run the program with each of the provided input data files. Take notes on what appears to be working correctly and if anything looks buggy. 5. Run the program with each of the provided input data files. Take notes on what appears to be working correctly and if anything looks buggy.
6. Now let’s examine those compilation warnings a little more closely. Oftentimes programmers can get lazy and ignore compilation warnings because these warnings aren’t necessarily showstoppers that prevent us from testing and running our program on initial datasets. But some compilation warnings are actually very dangerous and can prevent the program from successfully handling all possible input 6. Now let’s examine those compilation warnings a little more closely. Oftentimes programmers can get lazy and ignore compilation warnings because these warnings aren’t necessarily showstoppers that prevent us from testing and running our program on initial datasets. But some compilation warnings are actually very dangerous and can prevent the program from successfully handling all possible input
datasets or even from running at all! datasets or even from running at all!
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ reference to stack memory associated with a local variable returned
7. Study the source code referenced by each specific compilation warning. Do you see the cause of the 7. Study the source code referenced by each specific compilation warning. Do you see the cause of the
warning? Some or all of these warnings might be actual logic or math bugs that will cause the problem warning? Some or all of these warnings might be actual logic or math bugs that will cause the problem
to crash or return bad data for some or all inputs. Do you see the problem? Do you know how to fix it? IMPORTANT: Don’t fix the problems yet. And don’t worry if you don’t see the error – just to crash or return bad data for some or all inputs. Do you see the problem? Do you know how to fix it? **IMPORTANT: Don’t fix the problems yet**. And don’t worry if you don’t see the error – just
staring at the code is not the only debugging technique nor is it the most effective debugging technique staring at the code is not the only debugging technique nor is it the most effective debugging technique
for large programs! for large programs!
@@ -142,35 +142,45 @@ to demonstrate debugger skills when you ask for help in office hours.
need to make sure you have linked the code with the -g option to add debug information (including, need to make sure you have linked the code with the -g option to add debug information (including,
source code line numbers!) to the executable. source code line numbers!) to the executable.
For example (replacing file1.cpp file2.cpp with your source code): For example (replacing file1.cpp file2.cpp with your source code):
```console
g++ -g -Wall -Wextra file1.cpp file2.cpp -o executable.exe g++ -g -Wall -Wextra file1.cpp file2.cpp -o executable.exe
```
In order to start gdb, type (replacing executable.exe with your program): In order to start gdb, type (replacing executable.exe with your program):
```console
gdb executable.exe gdb executable.exe
```
NOTE: You can specify command line arguments to your executable on the gdb/lldb command line NOTE: You can specify command line arguments to your executable on the gdb/lldb command line
OR you can specify those command line arguments a little bit later, when you run your executable OR you can specify those command line arguments a little bit later, when you run your executable
inside the debugger. Refer to documentation, e.g.: https://lldb.llvm.org/use/map.html inside the debugger. Refer to documentation, e.g.: https://lldb.llvm.org/use/map.html
3. Now we’re inside the command-line debugger. Type help in order to see the list of commands. 3. Now we’re inside the command-line debugger. Type *help* in order to see the list of commands.
There are several commands for setting breakpoints. You can set a breakpoint by specifying a function There are several commands for setting breakpoints. You can set a breakpoint by specifying a function
name or a line number within a file. For example: name or a line number within a file. For example:
```console
break main break main
```
sets a breakpoint at the start of the main function. You can also set a breakpoint at the start of a sets a breakpoint at the start of the main function. You can also set a breakpoint at the start of a
member function, as in: member function, as in:
```console
break Point::get_x break Point::get_x
```
Finally, to set a breakpoint at a specific line number in a file, you may type: Finally, to set a breakpoint at a specific line number in a file, you may type:
```console
break line.cpp:31 break line.cpp:31
```
Set a breakpoint at some point in your code just before (in order of execution!) you think the first error Set a breakpoint at some point in your code just before (in order of execution!) you think the first error
might occur. Finally, in order to actually start running the program under control of the debugger, might occur. Finally, in order to actually start running the program under control of the debugger,
you will need to type run at the gdb command line. you will need to type *run* at the gdb command line.
4. Stepping through the program: 4. Stepping through the program:
You can step through the code using the commands next (move to the next line of code), step (enter You can step through the code using the commands *next* (move to the next line of code), *step* (enter
the function), and finish (leave the function). The command continue allows you to move to the the function), and *finish* (leave the function). The command *continue* allows you to move to the
next breakpoint. next breakpoint.
5. Examining the content of variables: 5. Examining the content of variables:
You can use print to see the values of variables and expressions. - You can use *print* to see the values of variables and expressions.
You can use the command display to see the contents of a particular variable or expression when the - You can use the command *display* to see the contents of a particular variable or expression when the
program is stopped. program is stopped.
6. Program flow: 6. Program flow:
The command backtrace can be used to show the contents of the call stack. This is particularly The command *backtrace* can be used to show the contents of the call stack. This is particularly
important if your program crashes. Unfortunately, the crash often occurs inside C++ library code. important if your program crashes. Unfortunately, the crash often occurs inside C++ library code.
Therefore, when you look at the call stack the first few functions listed may not be your code. Therefore, when you look at the call stack the first few functions listed may not be your code.
This does not mean that the C++ library has an error! Instead it likely means that your code has This does not mean that the C++ library has an error! Instead it likely means that your code has
@@ -181,12 +191,10 @@ in your code that caused the crash. Type info locals and info args to examine th
function. Type list to see the source code. function. Type list to see the source code.
7. Breakpoint on Variable Change: The last powerful debugger feature we will try today is variable 7. Breakpoint on Variable Change: The last powerful debugger feature we will try today is variable
monitoring. monitoring.
Add a new modifier member function to the Point class named set_elevation that changes the y Add a new modifier member function to the *Point* class named *set_elevation* that changes the *y* coordinate of a *Point* instance. Create an instance of a *Point* object in the *main* function called *pt*.
coordinate of a Point instance. Create an instance of a Point object in the main function called pt. Use the *set_elevation* function on that instance.
Use the set_elevation function on that instance. You can use the command *watch* to halt the program when a variable or expression changes.
You can use the command watch to halt the program when a variable or expression changes. For example, type *watch pt.y*. You can try the the *rwatch* command which allows you to break on a read of the value (not just a change).
For example, type watch pt.y. You can try the the rwatch command which allows you to break on a
read of the value (not just a change).
NOTE: Students have recently (in the past term or two) reported difficulty getting watch points to work NOTE: Students have recently (in the past term or two) reported difficulty getting watch points to work
inside their command line debuggers. So don’t worry if you also cannot get this feature to work today. inside their command line debuggers. So don’t worry if you also cannot get this feature to work today.